Shell脚本总结
1.Shell变量核心基础知识
- 什么是变量
- 自定义环境变量
- 三种变量的定义方式
- Shell特殊位置重要变量
案例：[[email protected] ~]$ set -- "I am" x86cloud.com.cn teacher [[email protected] ~]$ for i in "$@";do echo $i;done I am x86cloud.com.cn teacher [[email protected] ~]$ for i in "$*";do echo $i;done I am x86cloud.com.cn teacherread从键盘读入变量值 read 变量名 read -p "提示信息: " 变量名 read -t 5 -p "提示信息: " 变量名 //示例 # vim first.sh back_dir1=/var/backup read -p "请输入你的备份目录: " back_dir2 echo $back_dir1 echo $back_dir2 # vim ping2.sh #!/bin/bash read -p "Input IP: " ip ping -c2 $ip &>/dev/null if [ $? -eq 0 ];then echo "host $ip is ok" else echo "host $ip is fail" fi //注意事项: 定义或引用变量时注意事项： " "弱引用 ' '强引用[[email protected] ~]# x86cloud.com.cn=test [[email protected] ~]# echo "${x86cloud.com.cn} is good" test is good [[email protected] ~]# echo '${school} is good' ${x86cloud.com.cn} is good变量子串和删除替换
[[email protected] ~]# x86cloud="I am x86cloud" [[email protected] ~]# echo ${x86cloud} I am x86cloud [[email protected] ~]# echo ${#x86cloud} 11 [[email protected] ~]# echo ${x86cloud:2} am x86cloud [[email protected] ~]# echo ${x86cloud:2:2} am [[email protected] ~]# echo ${x86cloud:2:4} am o扩展：取字符串长度的方法
[[email protected] ~]# echo ${#x86cloud} 11 [[email protected] ~]# echo ${x86cloud}|wc -L 11 [[email protected] ~]# expr length "$x86cloud" 11 [[email protected] ~]# echo ${x86cloud}|awk '{print length}' 11 [[email protected] ~]# echo ${x86cloud}|awk '{print length($0)}' 11面试题： 取出长度小于3的字符串
echo "I am x86cloud teacher I am 35"|xargs -n1|awk '{if (length <3)print}' for n in I am x86cloud teacher I am 30 do if [ ${#n} -lt 3 ] then echo $n fi done echo "I am x86cloud.com.cn teacher I am 30"|awk '{for(i=1;i<NF;i++)if(length($i)<3)print $i}'1.从前面往后删除变量内容
[[email protected] ~]# url=www.sina.com.cn //从前往后，最短匹配 [[email protected] ~]# echo ${url#*.} //从前往后，最长匹配(贪婪匹配) [[email protected] ~]# echo ${url##*.}2.从后往前删除环境变量
[[email protected] ~]# url=www.sina.com.cn [[email protected] ~]# echo ${url} //从后往前，最短匹配 [[email protected] ~]# echo ${url%.*} //从后往前，最长匹配 贪婪匹配 [[email protected] ~]# echo ${url%%.*} [[email protected] ~]# url=www.sina.com.cn [[email protected] ~]# echo ${url#a.} [[email protected] ~]# echo ${url#*sina.}3.内容变量替换
[[email protected] ~]# url=www.sina.com.cn [[email protected] ~]# echo ${url/sina/baidu} [[email protected] ~]# url=www.sina.com.cn [[email protected] ~]# echo ${url/n/N} //贪婪匹配 [[email protected] ~]# echo ${url//n/N}4.变量自增
[[email protected] ~]# a=1 [[email protected] ~]# b=1 [[email protected] ~]# let x=a++ 先赋值在运算 [[email protected] ~]# let y=++b 先运算在赋值 [[email protected] ~]# echo $a 2 [[email protected] ~]# echo $b 2 [[email protected] ~]# echo $x 1 [[email protected] ~]# echo $y 2实际案例
[[email protected] scripts]# cat i++.sh #!/bin/sh IP=8.8.8.8 i=1 while [ $i -le 3 ] do ping -c 1 $IP &>/dev/null if [ $? -eq 0 ];then echo "$IP is up..." fi let i++ done
2.变量数值运算
1.整数运算expr + - * / %
expr 1 + 2 expr $num1 + $num22.整数运算 $(()) + - * / %
echo $(($num1+$num2)) echo $((num1+num2)) echo $((5-3*2)) echo $(((5-3)*2)) echo $((2**3)) sum=$((1+2)); echo $sum
- 整数运算 $[] + - * / %
echo $[5+2] echo $[5**2]
- 整数运算 let + - * / %
let sum=2+3; echo $sum i=1 let i++ echo $i
- 小数运算 bc + - * / %
echo "2*4" |bc echo "2^4" |bc echo "scale=2;6/4" |bc awk 'BEGIN{print 1/2}' echo "print 5.0/2" |python
3.Shell条件测试
1.文件测试
[ -e dir|file ] 存在则为真 [ -d dir ] 目录是否存在 [ -f file ] 文件是否存在 [ -r file ] 文件是否有读权限 [ -x file ] 文件是否有执行权限 [ -w file ] 文件是否有写权限常用测试
[[email protected] ~]# test -d /opt/test [[email protected] ~]# echo $? 1 [[email protected] ~]# [ ! -d /opt/test ] && mkdir /opt/test [[email protected] ~]# [ -d /opt/x86cloud.com.cn ] || mkdir /opt/x86cloud.com.cn2.数值比较
数值比较 [ 整数 1 操作符 整数 2 ][ 1 -gt 10 ] 大于 [ 1 -lt 10 ] 小于 [ 1 -eq 10 ] 等于 [ 1 -ne 10 ] 不等于 [ 1 -ge 10 ] 大于等于 [ 1 -le 10 ] 小于等于案例：
查看磁盘/当前使用状态，如果使用率超过80%则报警发邮件//怎么看磁盘使用率，怎么获取对应的值 [[email protected] scripts]# cat disk_use.sh #!/bin/sh DATE=$(date +%F) Disk_Use=$(df -h|grep '/$'|awk '{print $5}'|awk -F% '{print $1}') if [ $Disk_Use -ge 10 ] then echo "Disk Is use ${Disk_Use}%" >/tmp/${DATE}-diskuse.txt fi案例2 内存超过百分80报警输出
[[email protected] scripts]# cat memory_use.sh #!/bin/sh Mem_Use=$(free -m|grep ^M|awk '{print $3/$2*100}') if [ ${Mem_Use%.*} -ge 30 ] then echo "Memory IS ERROR ${Mem_Use%.*}%" else echo "Memory IS OK ${Mem_Use%.*}%" fi案例3 自己写一个监控负载状态的脚本
ab -n 200000 -c 2000 http://127.0.0.1/index.html案例4 自己用脚本打印出 系统版本 内核版本平台 虚拟平台 静态主机名 eth0网卡IP地址 lo网卡IP地址 当前外网IP地址
curl icanhazip.com3.字符串比较
- 字符串比对、必须加双引号
[[email protected] ~]# [ "$USER" = "root" ];echo $? 0 [[email protected] ~]# AAA="" [[email protected] ~]# echo ${#AAA} 0 #字符长度为 0 [[email protected] ~]# [ -z "$AAA" ] [[email protected] ~]# echo $? 0 #字符长度不为 0 [[email protected] ~]# [ -n "$AAA" ] [[email protected] ~]# echo $? 1 [[email protected] ~]# [ "$USER" = "root" ];echo $? 0 [[email protected] ~]# [ "$USER" = "x86cloud.com.cn" ];echo $? 1 [[email protected] ~]# [ "$USER" != "x86cloud.com.cn" ];echo $? 0
- 多整数比较
[[email protected] ~]# [ 1 -lt 2 -a 5 -gt 10 ];echo $? 1 [[email protected] ~]# [ 1 -lt 2 -o 5 -gt 10 ];echo $? 0正则会用到[[]]
[[email protected] ~]# [[ 1 -lt 2 && 5 -gt 10 ]];echo $? 1 [[email protected] ~]# [[ 1 -lt 2 || 5 -gt 10 ]];echo $? 05.正则比对
[[email protected] ~]# [ "$USER" =~ ^r ];echo $? -bash: [: =~: binary operator expected 2 [[email protected] ~]# [[ "$USER" =~ ^r ]];echo $? 0 [[email protected] ~]# num=123 [[email protected] ~]# [[ "$num" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]];echo $? 0 [[email protected] ~]# num=123a [[email protected] ~]# [[ "$num" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]];echo $? 1案例：
[[email protected] scripts]# cat test01.sh #!/bin/sh read -p "please input number " num if [[ ! "$num" =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] then echo "please input 数字" exit 1 fi echo "Number Is $num"案例2：
批量创建添加用户脚本[[email protected] scripts]# cat test02.sh #!/bin/sh read -p "Please Input number " num if [[ ! $num =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] then echo "Please Input 数字" exit 1 fi read -p "Please Input prefix " prefix if [ -z "$#prefix" ] then echo "Please Input 前缀" exit 2 fi for i in `seq "$num"` do USER=$prefix$i useradd $USER echo "123"|passwd --stdin $USER &>/dev/null if [ $? -eq 0 ];then echo "$USER Is create ok" fi done1.自己用脚本打印出 系统版本 内核版本平台 虚拟平台 静态主机名 eth0网卡IP地址 lo网卡IP地址 当前外网IP地址
#!/bin/sh System=$(hostnamectl |grep System|awk '{print $3,$4,$5}') Kernel=$(hostnamectl|grep Kernel|awk -F: '{print $2}') Vt=$(hostnamectl|grep Virtualization|awk '{print $2}') Statichostname=$(hostnamectl|grep "Static hostname"|awk '{print $3}') Eth0=$(ifconfig eth0|awk 'NR==2{print $2}') Lo=$(ifconfig lo|awk 'NR==2{print $2}') Network_T=$(curl -s icanhazip.com) echo "当前系统版本是: $System" echo "当前系统内核是: $Kernel" echo "当前虚拟平台是: $Vt" echo "当前静态主机名是: $Statichostname" echo "当前Eth0IP地址是: $Eth0" echo "当前lo地址是: $Lo" echo "当前外网地址是: $Network_T"2.批量创建添加用户脚本
[[email protected] scripts]# cat test02.sh #!/bin/sh read -p "Please Input number " num if [[ ! $num =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]] then echo "Please Input 数字" exit 1 fi read -p "Please Input prefix " prefix if [ -z "$#prefix" ] then echo "Please Input 前缀" exit 2 fi for i in `seq "$num"` do USER=$prefix$i useradd $USER echo "123"|passwd --stdin $USER &>/dev/null if [ $? -eq 0 ];then echo "$USER Is create ok" fi done3.猜数字游戏
随机输出一个1-100的数字
要求用户输入数字（数字处加判断）
如果比随机数小则提示比随机数小了 大则提示比随机数大了
正确则退出 错误则继续死循环
最后统计猜了多少次（猜对的情况[[email protected] ~]# cat ping.sh #!/bin/sh num=$(echo $((RANDOM%100+1))) echo $num i=1 while true do read -p "Please Input number: 1-100: " num1 if [[ ! $num1 =~ ^[0-9]+$ ]]; then echo "Please Input number: 1-100" continue fi if [ $num1 -lt $num ];then echo "你输入的数字小了" elif [ $num1 -gt $num ];then echo "你输入的数字大了" elif [ $num1 -eq $num ];then echo "猜中了" break fi let i++ done echo "一共猜了 $i 次"
4.流程控制语句
1.单分支结构
if [ 如果你有房 ];then 我就嫁给你 fi双分支结构
if [ 如果你有房 ];then 我就嫁给你 else 再见 fi多分支结构
if [ 如果你有房 ];then 我就嫁给你 elif [ 你有车 ];then 我就嫁给你 elif [ 你有钱 ];then 我就嫁给你 else 再见 fi案例：根据不同的操作系统安装不同的源
#!/bin/sh #Version v1.0 #Author lzy os_version=$(cat /etc/redhat-release|awk '{print $4}') if [ "$os_version" = "(Final)" ] then os_version=$(cat /etc/redhat-release|awk '{print $3}') fi if [ ${os_version%%.*} -eq 7 ] then mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo yum makecache elif [ ${os_version%%.*} -eq 6 ] then mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-6.repo yum makecache elif [ ${os_version%%.*} -eq 5 ] then mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-5.repo else echo "Please check version" fi案例：安装不同的PHP版本
[[email protected] ~]# cat php.sh #!/usr/bin/bash #install php install_php56() { yum install epel-release rpm -ivh http://rpms.famillecollet.com/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm yum install --enablerepo=remi --enablerepo=remi-php56 php php-opcache php-devel php-mbstring php-mcrypt php-mysqlnd php-phpunit-PHPUnit php-pecl-xdebug php-pecl-xhprof } install_php70() { echo "install php7.0......" } install_php71() { echo "install php7.1......" } while : do echo "################################" echo -e "\t1 php-5.6" echo -e "\t2 php-7.0" echo -e "\t3 php-7.1" echo -e "\tq exit" echo "################################" read -p "version[1-3]: " version if [ "$version" = "1" ];then install_php56 elif [ "$version" = "2" ];then install_php70 elif [ "$version" = "3" ];then install_php71 elif [ "$version" = "q" ];then exit else echo "error" fi done2.流程控制语句case
case语句case 变量 in 模式 1) 命令序列 1;; 模式 2) 命令序列 2;; 模式 3) 命令序列 3 ;; *) 无匹配后命令序列 esac案例：
[[email protected] ~]# cat del.sh #!/usr/bin/bash read -p "请输入需要删除的用户前缀，以及用户的位数: " delname delnum echo "你将要删除如下账户 用户前缀是: $delname 用户的个数: $delnum " read -p "你确定要删除吗[y|Y|Yes|n|N|NO]?" reday for i in $(seq $delnum);do userfull=$delname$i case $reday in y|Y|YES) id $userfull &>/dev/null if [ $? -eq 0 ];then userdel $userfull &>/dev/null echo "userdel is ok $userfull...." else echo "$userfull" no such user fi ;; n|N|no|NO|No) exit 1 ;; *) read -p "你确定要删除吗[y|Y|Yes|n|N|NO]?" reday esac done案例：
[[email protected] ~]# cat caidan.sh #!/usr/bin/bash caidan(){ cat <<EOF =================== h 显示命令帮助 f 显示登陆信息 d 显示磁盘挂载 m 查看内存使用 u 查看系统负载 q 退出程序 ===================== EOF } caidan while true do read -p "请输入你想查看系统状态对应码[d/m/u/q]: " sys case "$sys" in h) clear caidan ;; f) clear w ;; d) clear df -h ;; m) clear free -m ;; u) clear uptime ;; q) break ;; *) echo "error" exit 1; esac done案例 jumpserver简单实现
trap
信号说明HUP(1) 挂起，通常因终端掉线或用户退出而引发 INT(2) 中断，通常因按下Ctrl+C组合键而引发 QUIT(3) 退出，通常因按下Ctrl+组合键而引发 ABRT(6) 中止，通常因某些严重的执行错误而引发 ALRM(14) 报警，通常用来处理超时 TERM(15) 终止，通常在系统关机时发送 SIGTSTP 停止进程 终端来的停止信号[root@web02 ~]# cat /home/x86cloud.com.cn/jumpserver.sh #!/usr/bin/bash #jumpServer Mysql_master=10.0.0.10 Mysql_slave1=10.0.0.11 Mysql_slave2=10.0.0.12 Nginx_Up=10.0.0.6 Nginx_WEB1=10.0.0.7 Nginx_WEB2=10.0.0.8 meminfo(){ cat <<-EOF ------------------------------- | 1) mysql-master | | 2) mysql-slave1 | | 3) mysql-slave2 | | 4) Nginx-Upstream | | 5) Nginx-WebNode1 | | 6) Nginx-WebNode2 | | h) help | --------------------------------- EOF } #调用函数打印菜单 meminfo #控制不让输入ctrl+c,z trap "" HUP INT TSTP while true do read -p "请输入要连接的主机编号: " num case $num in 1|mysql-master) ssh root@$Mysql_master ;; 2|Mysql_slave1) ssh root@$Mysql_slave1 ;; 3|Mysql_slave2) ssh root@$Mysql_slave2 ;; h|help) clear meminfo ;; #退出脚本后门, 不要让其他人知道 exec) break ;; esac done案例：
[[email protected] ~]# cat start_nginx.sh #!/usr/bin/bash # manager Nginx start stop restart reload source /etc/init.d/functions act=$1 te(){ if [ $? -eq 0 ];then action "Nginx Is $act" /bin/true else action "Nginx Is $act" /bin/false fi } start(){ /usr/sbin/nginx &>/dev/null te } stop(){ /usr/sbin/nginx -s stop &>/dev/null te } reload(){ /usr/sbin/nginx -s reload te } status(){ Ngx_status=$(ps aux|grep "[n]ginx"|grep master|awk '{print $2}') Nginx_Status_Port=$(netstat -lntp|grep nginx|awk '{print $4}') echo "Nginx_status_Pid: $Ngx_status" echo "Nginx_status_Port: $Nginx_Status_Port" } case $1 in start) start ;; stop) stop ;; restart) stop sleep 1 start ;; reload) reload ;; status) status ;; *) echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|reload|}" esac3.交互脚本expect
1.简单实现面交互登陆#!/usr/bin/expect spawn ssh [email protected] expect { "yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue } "password:" { send "centos\r" }; } interact2.expect定义变量实现交互方式
#!/usr/bin/expect set ip 10.0.0.5 set user root set password centos set timeout 5 spawn ssh $user@$ip expect { "yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue } "password:" { send "$password\r" }; } 交互方式 interact
5.For循环
1.for循环语法
for 变量名 in [ 取值列表 ] do 循环体 done案例1：
[[email protected] ~]# cat ping.sh #!/bin/ #循环主机 for i in {1..254} do #并发执行 { IP=39.107.76.$i ping -c1 $IP &>/dev/null if [ $? -eq 0 ];then echo "$IP" >>ip.txt fi }& done wait echo "获取在线IP完成"案例2
#!/bin/sh for i in `cat user.txt` do id $i &>/dev/null if [ $? -ne 0 ];then useradd $i echo "123"|passwd --stdin $i &>/dev/null echo "Create $i OK" else echo "useradd: $i already exists" fi done2.while循环
while循环基础语法//当条件测试成立（条件测试为真），执行循环体 while 条件测试 do 循环体 done案例1：用while创建用户
[[email protected] ~]# cat scripts/while.sh #!/bin/sh while read line do id $line &>/dev/null if [ $? -eq 0 ];then echo "useradd: user $line already exists" else useradd $line if [ $? -eq 0 ];then echo "create $line success" fi fi done<ip.txt #文件中存在用户和密码 [[email protected] ~]# cat while1.sh #!/bin/sh while read user do u=$(echo $user|awk '{print $1}') p=$(echo $user|awk '{print $2}') id $u &>/dev/null if [ $? -ne 0 ];then useradd $u echo $p|passwd --stdin $u &>/dev/null echo "Create $u is ok" else echo "useradd: $u already exists" fi done<user.txt
6.Shell内置命令
命令 含义 exit 退出整个程序 break 结束当前循环，或跳出本层循环 continue 忽略本次循环剩余的代码，直接进行下一次循环 exit示例
[[email protected] ~]# cat exit.sh while true do echo "123" exit echo "456" done echo "done..."执行后的结果
[[email protected] ~]# sh exit.sh 123break示例
[[email protected] ~]# cat break.sh while true do echo "123" break echo "456" done echo "done..."执行后的结果
[[email protected] ~]# sh break.sh 123 done...continue 示例
假如创建前创建一个test1 break会直接跳出循环、continue会跳出继续循环[[email protected] ~]# cat continue.sh #!/bin/sh for i in `seq 10` do useradd test$i if [ $? -eq 0 ];then echo "Create $i Success" else continue fi done
7.函数
1.Shell中函数的作用
1.命令合集，完成特定功能的代码块
2.在shell中定义函数可以使用代码模块化, 便于复用代码,加强可读性
3.函数和变量类似, 先定义才可调用，如果定义不调用则不会被执行传参 $1,$2 变量 local 返回值 return $?
- 如何定义和调用函数
# 方式一 函数名() { command }# 方式二 function 函数名 { command } 调用函数非常简单, 只需要在脚本中写入函数的名称即可 // 在脚本中直接写入函数名即可完成函数调用 function_name3.函数传参
fun $1 传入脚本后第一个参数 fun $* 接收所有参数的传递案例：
[[email protected] ~]# cat fun3.sh t_file(){ # 函数判断 if [ -f $1 ];then echo "$1 exists" else return 1 fi } # 调用函数 t_file $1 1. [[email protected] ~]# cat fun.sh #!/bin/sh # 定义一个函数 count01(){ num=10 for i in `seq 10` do total=$[$i + $num] done echo "计算结果是: $total" } count01 # 调用函数 [[email protected] ~]# sh fun.sh 计算结果是: 20
[[email protected] ~]# cat fun.sh #!/bin/sh count01(){ for i in `seq 10` do total=$[$i + $num] done echo "计算结果是: $total" } num=10 count01 [[email protected] ~]# sh fun.sh 计算结果是: 203. [[email protected] ~]# cat fun.sh #!/bin/sh count01(){ num=$1 for i in `seq $num` do total=$[$i + $num] done echo "计算结果是: $total" } count01 $1 count01 $2 count01 $3 [[email protected] ~]# sh fun.sh 10 20 30 计算结果是: 20 计算结果是: 40 计算结果是: 60传参使用场景：
[[email protected] ~]# cat nginx.sh source /etc/init.d/functions Test() { if [ $? -eq 0 ];then action "Nginx $1 is ok" /bin/true else action "Nginx $1 is error" /bin/false fi } case $1 in start) nginx Test $1 ;; stop) nginx -s stop Test $1 ;; reload) nginx -s reload Test $1 ;; *) echo "USAGE: $0 { start|stop|reload }" esac函数的返回值
echo 返回函数返回值
return 返回指定函数退出状态码
1.[[email protected] ~]# cat fun2.sh fun2() { echo 100 return 1 } result=`fun2` echo "函数的状态码是: $?" echo "函数的返回值是: $result" [[email protected] ~]# sh fun2.sh 函数的状态码是: 1 函数的返回值是: 100
[[email protected] ~]# cat fun3.sh file=/etc/ttt # 定义文件 t_file(){ # 函数判断 if [ -f $file ];then return 0 else return 1 fi } # 调用函数 t_file #根据函数返回状态码进行输出 if [ $? -eq 0 ];then echo "该文件存在 $file" else echo "该文件不存在 $file" fi
- 统计文件行
[[email protected] ~]# cat read.sh #!/bin/sh File=/etc/passwd function count(){ local i=0 while read line do let ++i done<$File echo $i }
8.Shell数组的应用
1.数组的分类
普通数组：只能使用整数 作为数组索引
关联数组：可以使用字符串 作为数组索引2数组赋值方式一, 针对每个索引进行赋值
#数组名[索引]=变量值 [[email protected] ~]# arraytest[0]=zhangsan [[email protected] ~]# arraytest[1]=lisi [[email protected] ~]# arraytest[2]=laowang3数组赋值方式二, 一次赋多个值
#数组名=(多个变量值) [[email protected] ~]# array=(1 2 3) [[email protected] ~]# array=(1 2 3 "test" [10]=x86cloud)3.查看数组赋值结果
[[email protected] ~]# declare –a #查看普通数组 [[email protected] ~]# declare –A #查看关联数组4.如何访问数组中的元数
[[email protected] ~]# echo ${array[0]} #第一个元素 1 [[email protected] ~]# echo ${array[@]} #访问数组所有的元素 1 2 3 test x86cloud [[email protected] ~]# echo ${#array[@]} #统计元素的个数6.如何访问数组中的索引
# 获取数组元素的索引 ! [[email protected] ~]# echo ${!array[@]} 0 1 2 3 107.关联数组
1.定义关联数组，申明是关联数据[[email protected] ~]# declare -A array_1 [[email protected] ~]# declare -A array_22.关联数组的赋值方式一，针对每个索引进行赋值
#数组名[索引]=变量值 [[email protected] ~]# declare -A array_1 [[email protected] ~]# declare -A array_2 [[email protected] ~]# array_1[index1]=zhangsan [[email protected] ~]# array_1[index2]=lisi [[email protected] ~]# array_1[index3]=laowang3.关联数组的赋值方式二，一次赋多个值
[[email protected] ~]# declare array_2=([index1]=x86cloud [index2]=li [index3]=zhang) [[email protected] ~]# declare –A3.访问数据元素
[[email protected] ~]# echo ${array_2[index2]} li [[email protected] ~]# echo ${array_2[@]} x86cloud li zhang [[email protected] ~]# echo ${!array_2[@]} index1 index2 index38.遍历数组
已知文件里有名字对应的性别 请统计性别出现的总次数 let array_pa[m]++ let array_pa[f]++ let array_pa[x]++ let array_pa[m]++ [[email protected] ~]# cat sex.txt zs m ls m lw f ll m lz f lq m [[email protected] ~]# cat count_sex.sh #!/bin/sh declare -A sex while read line do type=$(echo $line|awk '{print $2}') let sex[$type]++ done<sex.txt #遍历数组 for i in ${!sex[*]} do echo $i共有${sex[$i]}个 done案例2
统计nginx日志IP访问次数[[email protected] ~]# cat nginx_count.sh #!/bin/sh declare -A array_nginx while read line do type=$(echo $line|awk '{print $1}') let array_nginx[$type]++ done</var/log/nginx/access.log for i in ${!array_nginx[*]} do echo "IP是 $i 共出现了${array_nginx[$i]}次" done案例3
统计tcp状态信息[[email protected] ~]# cat nginx_status.sh #!/bin/sh declare -A array_nginx type=`ss -an|grep 80|awk '{print $2}'` for i in $type do let array_nginx[$i]++ done for n in ${!array_nginx[*]} do echo $n ${array_nginx[$n]} done